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Health & Lifestyle

COVID-19: the Planet turned into an experimental laboratory

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COVID-19: the Planet turned into an experimental laboratory and human became the testing subjects (‘Herd immunity’ vs ‘NO immunity’) The spread of COVID-19 infection turned the world into a human laboratory. I know you don’t want to be part of this experiment but you like to hear about the results of an ongoing experiment around the globe. Maybe it is time to share how scientists in the laboratory perform an experiment. Generally, it is really not a big deal about knowing something that is not your area of interest. But it is a big deal to develop a system with maximum accuracy in any discipline because people expect to see that the system should work with full potential and accuracy. Therefore, whatever you do or wherever you might belong to there are some inherent steps that are obligatory to maintain. Because of the nature of COVID-19 transmission, it is highly recommended in each country to either maintain social distancing (voluntarily) or set extraordinary restrictions on free movement or any sort of assembly. This is our experiment and we all are part of it. But if you go deeper and deeper how an experiment is designed and finally performed in the laboratory is not just like that. The experiments require many fundamental basics to meet before you perform it. Otherwise, it could easily give you a result that cannot be useful or sometimes very detrimental. Depending on the nature of a laboratory experiment one should carefully plan the experiment. For instance, imagine you would like to test a vaccine in mice, the first thing is that these experimental mice need to be housed in a clean environment, with good health, access to food and water and so on. Those are the basics needs before mice receive a vaccine injection. After vaccination, the mice’s immune systems will react and develop immunity which does need a certain time. To confirm if the vaccine is working or not, there are some laboratory testing needed to perform before you announce the results. Unfortunately, either due to lack of knowledge or due to many shortcomings, our planet experiment design was pretty sloppy. There is a number of reasons for that: 1. It is a large scale experiment and no history was available previously 2. Experts never thought we were undergoing an experiment but indeed we are now.. 3. No significant knowledge about the speed of transmission of COVID-19 4. No prediction about who will get infected and who will be vulnerable and who will be recovered 5. Lack of prediction on whether to use a mask or not but declared using a mask, in general, is harmful 6. Of course no medication available All of these above are significant limitations that drove the world into ‘Quarantine’ mode. Few countries showed that extreme social distancing and complete lockdown potentially reduces the cases and spread to the community. For example, South Korea, China was very successful. Because they performed their experiment by maintaining the standard. Other countries, impose FAKE social distancing and finally lockdown but unfortunately, it was late to limit the spread of the infection. Like, USA, Italy, Spain didn’t follow the basic standard of an experiment and it turned out to generate results that are BAD RESULTS. Interestingly, one lesson from ‘BAD data’ is that you can think of sorting the flaws out and do the experiment in a proper way. Some countries still have that opportunity to take the findings seriously to perform their own experiment. One country on the planet, Sweden is doing a completely different experiment, which is following social distancing only at a very minimal level. It is not that Sweden is not hit by the virus but the cases are relatively low when you compare with other EU countries like Germany, Spain, Italy. Interestingly, Swedes believe in ‘Herd Immunity’. What is ‘Herd Immunity” Herd immunity is something that lets people develop immunity against infection or foreign pathogens by natural exposure. So, instead of saying people ‘STAY HOME’ they give the freedom of choice to the people to do normal business, daily work so that enough people become immune against COVID-19. This experiment is not bad but again, this didn’t follow the standard criteria of performing an experiment. For example, This hypothesis is too early to test in the community because there is not much knowledge about this virus in terms of nature of transmission (already found in the stool), colonization and viral load, fitness in the environment, interaction in the upper or lower respiratory tract, and most importantly, when and what type of immune responses would be protective and available in the human body and what group (age) of people will generate this protective immune response are still not available. Sweden is a big country relative to the total number of population. They do have already unwanted social distancing in the society in place to some extent which is comparable to what we in other countries are practicing now. We should not compare Apple to Orange, but it is time to think cautiously. Even under lots of privileges, Sweden is not up to the mark of Diagnosis of COVID-19 cases and people with symptoms strictly advised to ‘STAY HOME’. This is not the time to test the hypothesis in the general population by taking risk of elderly people’s lives and letting younger to generate Herd Immunity. Lots of scientific evidence are desperately needed to go that direction. BY Dr. Jubayer Rahman (PhD in Infectious Immunology), Maryland, USA

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Health & Lifestyle

Searching COVID-19 specific antibodies: where is our hope?

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Antibodies- Never give up; this is where hope stands. Antibody research is one of the oldest parts of the scientific community. People who work in this field must know how important this research is! Most of the routine vaccines that we are giving to infants and toddlers are relying on antibodies. This is usually done by educating the immune system early-life by exposing to a small dose of molecules originated from virus/bacteria, so that the immune system can recognize later and get ready to fight against the actual attack in the future. As science made extraordinary progress during the last decades, antibody research is more focused on the laboratory as a tool to assist other new modern techniques. People have not forgotten the contribution of antibody research; it is slightly shifted towards a different direction, mainly when new and more complex diseases emerged, and clearly, the role of antibody in that context was questionable. This is because scientists found cell-mediated immune responses are more effective against those diseases like cancer, autoimmune diseases, etc.    A simple classification of human immunity: There are two distinct arms in the human immune system that work in collaboration to keep us protected. One is called innate immunity, which is very fast in action but non-specific and knock germs out very efficiently. But innate immune responses are short-lived and cannot remember who attacked first. Therefore, every time when a person encounters either the same pathogen or a different one, the response likely to be the same. Second, another arm of immunity is called adaptive responses, which are further classified into two groups: cellular and humoral or antibody-driven. This adaptive immunity comes late but could be very specific to a pathogen and can remember when next time a person is exposed to the same pathogen. Because of this memory total response against the same pathogen is truly fabulous. The most exciting part of these innate and adaptive arms of the immune system is that they work in collaboration by using lots of their potential molecules that are involved in cross-talk. Because of this network that is in place in the human body, viruses, or bacteria are not always successful in establishing infection.    How does the virus gain entry to a human? Viruses are such a tiny organism that we even could not see without electron microscopy. Although they are small, they could be intense and devastating. One example is the COVID-19 virus; almost all predictions with this pathogen seem to be failed. Interestingly, COVID-19 is not really very different than other COVIDs when the genome sequencing data revealed. But as you probably know that genomic sequencing only unveils how the genetic codes are organized. It does not tell about what messages you would expect. For example, genetic sequences first transcribe and then translated to make proteins. During this process, end products like proteins undergo many modifications which are important for virus against human-resistance. One such modification can be seen in a virus envelope, which is like a shell, helping the virus to make negotiations with the prospective host. This enveloped viral surface has major consequences for viral entry because it fuses with host cell membranes together. Generally, this is thought to be achieved through a complex interaction to a specific cellular host receptor (ACEII receptor) in COVID-19 infection and results in changes in the structure of the viral spike protein that enable forming pores in the host membrane and allows the viral genomes to gain entry into the host cell. Once an entry is achieved, viral replication takes place. How does antibody help? It is not known how exactly COVID-19 gain access to the host and under what circumstances, the human immune system either fails or prevent virus entry into the cells. Based on our knowledge with other respiratory viruses, we can just speculate that if a person is not developing symptoms following COVID-19 exposure, it is likely that the innate immunity was successful in expelling the virus. In that case, there are no antibody responses. If COVID-19 is successful in replication inside the host cells, after infecting alveolar macrophages that are under the lung epithelial lining, there might be an initiation of adaptive immune response by calling other immune cells to come close and start producing antibodies, cytokines, etc. to fight against COVID-19. Since COVID is likely using the spike protein to bind with the host cell receptor, it a general expectation that a neutralizing antibody (nAb) against viral spike protein would be disrupting the viral entry to the host. Additionally, antibodies can also block viral egress by binding to glycoproteins on the infected cell surface, thus preventing viruses from budding. This is why all of the proposed vaccines against COVID-19 are aimed predominantly to induce antibody responses. Another approach in line is to develop a monoclonal antibody against COVID-19 and use it to treat patients with severe COVID-19. What is the rationale behind these aggressive ideas? As I outlined above, how our immune system works and protects us against foreign pathogens, it is the same expectation with COVID-19 that people might generate natural immunity when exposed to COVID-19. Therefore, people either recovered or never developed symptoms but exposed might have that precious protective antibody titers. The good news is that FDA in the USA already announced the approval of a plasma therapy trial at Johns Hopkins University. Takeda has announced a polyclonal hyperimmune antigen-purified antibody concentrate. Regeneron has announced pursuing a monoclonal antibody strategy using its humanized mouse antibody screening platform to produce an antibody cocktail for both therapeutic and prophylactic use. World Health Organization (WHO) has announced a large-scale effort (named SOLIDARITY II) to aggregate serological data collected in different countries and expects to post results from the initiative within the next few months. COVID-19 antibody screening and the risk? Because of the consensus that antibody responses might be the key to block COVID-19, hundreds or more private companies already made kits available in the market suggesting for diagnosis of COVID-19. The

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Coronavirus

Covid-19 -Alone you’re strong but together you’re stronger

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Covid-19  Alone you’re strong….together you’re stronger (you believe or not, COVID19 does) This is true- -COVID19 virus follows the same theory to infect millions and many people around the globe. COVID19 is extremely different from other COVIDs which individuals may need to experience a minimum of at the extent of transmission from human to human. People experience normal flu-like symptoms with other COVIDs and still can choose work. However, when COVID19 emerged (does not mean other COVIDs are gone), immediately took the lead and surpassed all the previous records within the rate of transmission. Second, elderly people or people with some underlying conditions get seriously ill by COVID19. due to our curiosity, one question centered ‘why the transmission is so fast’? and ‘why only a group of people (elderly) heavily hit by this virus? A group of scientists from Germany and the UK performed this recent study among 9 patients of COVID19 cases to know one key question why this virus is so different than other COVIDs in terms of infection, pathogenicity, and transmission. All 9 patients had mild symptoms and didn’t develop severe lung pneumonia-like symptoms. Unlike other COVIDs, COVID19 virus particles don’t get to go deeper into the tract to cause infection. Other COVIDs got to attend the lower tract to be ready to cause infection. However, COVID19 colonize at a high density within the upper tract even before getting to the lower tract. On top of that COVID19 replication 4-7 fold quite other COVIDs. So, two key factors: an extremely higher rate of replication and skill to colonize within the upper respiratory area explain why person infected with COVID-19 is often easily shedding this virus into the environment or to a different person coming in close contact.it’s just millions of times more doses people are exposed, therefore either carrying it to the next person or develop disease symptoms. This research highlighted one unexpected observation in one patient who got two different COVID19 as shown in samples from two different places from the body. They observed one mutation within the COVID19 isolated from an equivalent person also as original COVID19 as other patients had. This is also alarming how fast this virus may acquire a mutation. To be ready to establish disease in a person, a virus must be won against the human defense system, which is extremely delicate and organized at different layers. COVID19 has been successful in breaking this defense due to the facility of replication. When the doses of a viral particle are so high human system especially people with suboptimal immunity gets breached and the virus gains full control over the overall immunity. This study also checked antibodies against COVID-19 in those patients and only found detectable levels 7-14 days post-infection. Because of the higher replication rate in the upper respiratory tract, a nasal swab is so successful for the diagnosis of COVID19. Therefore the basic math that you simply can obviously imagine, when virus multiplication is so rapid, shedding virus particle would be also higher. Everything you’ll multiply by an element of millions (x106). Due to this nature, millions and millions of people are getting this virus. So this is really the fact ‘alone you are strong but together you are stronger’.     Reported by Dr. Jubayer Rahman (PhD in Infectious Immunology), Maryland, USA

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Coronavirus

Why do you think BCG-vaccination would protect against COVID-19?

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BCG-vaccination   Why do you think BCG-vaccination would protect against COVID-19? Is it real?   COVID-19 is not only successful in infecting people around the world (1) but also obsessed people at the same time with lots of irrelevant things. Who thought this strain of COVID would be stronger than any of its parallel COVID-lines? Who thought this will be highly contagious, spreading with a record speed? Who thought it could be as potent as it stays outside host for hours to days? Who thought it could infect not only immune-compromised people or older people but also people at any age? Who thought this virus could be using healthy human as the best carrier when traveling from country to country? Who thought this not only attacks the respiratory system but also travels through the gastrointestinal tract? Who thought about insisting people “not using face mask” could be dangerous? No one knew any of these questions or if knew, gave wrong solutions! The list is getting longer and longer. As a matter of fact, now BCG-vaccination is becoming a topic around the world in the context of COVID-19 infection whether the western world made a great mistake not practicing BCG-vaccination as part of routine vaccination strategy, with speculation that BCG-vaccination reduces the number of cases of COVID-19 (2). Surprisingly, whether it is true or false, some parts of the world (Asia) are not seeing the aggressive nature of COVID-19 cases (3). Interestingly, most countries in Asia still believe the BCG-vaccination program as one of the important ones protecting against tuberculosis (4). In the Western World, BCG vaccination is no longer recommended due to a lack of protection by BCG-vaccination against pulmonary TB. There are also some side effects of early life BCG vaccination when it comes in the context of HIV infection. The western world stopped using BCG because BCG-vaccination induced immunity is not long-lasting (5), it decays overages. Therefore, revaccination with BCG suggested but was not successful. What is BCG? BCG-vaccine contains live attenuated bacteria. It is given subcutaneously, but it could reach to any place in the body within a short time. Because of this unique ability, BCG-vaccination provides strong immune responses in the lungs even it is administered in a remote place. As I mentioned this vaccine was thought effective against tuberculosis. However, tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is a virulent pathogen, different from BCG to some extent, especially some of the antigens are missing in BCG that is present in virulent mycobacteria. BCG-specific immunity: When it comes to the vaccination against any pathogen, generally, scientists look for specific immunity to raise by the vaccination. Since tuberculosis causing pathogen is intracellular, meaning immune cells capture mycobacteria and try to kill it while inside by using their machinery. It is believed that T cell-based immunity (type-1) is very effective in killing tuberculosis pathogens. Since this infection is respiratory, people thought of inducing specific immunity by giving BCG-vaccination through the intranasal route. Unfortunately, the intranasal route of administration of BCG is not safe, especially for children. One, remarkable observation is that even BCG- vaccination is not very effective against pulmonary (lung) TB, this still very effective against other forms of tuberculosis, not formed in the lungs. This is why third world countries still keep BCG as their routine vaccination strategy.   Why BCG-induced immunity would be effective against COVID-19? COVID-19 is a completely different pathogen and does not show any similarities with tuberculosis or BCG. There is no scientific evidence yet showing BCG-induced immunity could prevent COVID-19 infection further to spread. Like many other COVIDs, COVID-19 is using a similar route to attack humans, displaying symptoms like the common cold. The only difference with COVID-19 is that it could lead to aggressive lung infection and results in pneumonia-like symptoms. To prevent viral infection, scientists would allow natural immunity to develop because there is no effective medication or successful vaccines available against such flu-like virus. Every year we received vaccines against flu (influenza) which are either not effective or sometimes only effective partially. Interestingly, this virus acquires genetic modification so rapidly and because of this fact ultimately one particular vaccine against the same virus may not work for the next year. This is a common problem and perhaps one biggest challenge in the development of a vaccine against COVID-19 (6). Now, when a specific vaccine is not working against COVIDs, how one could think BCG-vaccination will provide protection against another pathogen like COVID-19? Immune response either naturally induced or vaccination-induced is very complex in nature. Generally, two types of immunity can be seen: innate (rapid and non-specific) and adaptive (specific-long-lived). The only advantage of BCG-vaccination is that due to the nature of this vaccine, it induces very strong innate immunity and it is stronger than any other form of vaccines in history. At the same time, BCG could also act as an adjuvant, meaning could help other vaccines when giving at the same time or in a strategy called prime-boost vaccination. BCG can work as a very good candidate to prime the immune system. When the term ‘priming’ comes, it induces strong innate immune responses, which is generally important to let adaptive immune cells to know. This collaborative effort is very necessary to use all of the tools of the immune system in order to generate an effective immune response. Virus-induced natural immunity: Most of these seasonal flu-virus induced immunity is developed with a week or two. The scientist also aims for inducing humoral (a specific antibody) immune response when targeting a vaccine against any of this virus. Since a majority of the population are naturally protective against common flu, it is thought that antibody-mediated protection is the key, because specific antibody can neutralize the virus. Thus, in the context of BCG-vaccination, one key question is does BCG-vaccination induce specific antibody responses against COVID-19? The answer is likely ‘NO’. But one possibility is that BCG-vaccination is very unique in the sense that this could induce lots of cross-reactive

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Science

COVID-19-NASA Satellite Spots Less Air Pollution

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Novel Coronavirus outbreak – NASA Satellite found Less Air Pollution on US East Coast And China. Over the past several weeks, NASA satellite estimations have revealed significant reductions in pollution over the significant metropolitan territories of the Northeast United States. Comparative decreases have been seen in different regions of the world. These ongoing upgrades in air quality have come at a significant expense, as communities struggle with widespread lockdowns and shelter-in-place orders as a result of the spread of COVID-19. Nitrogen dioxide, primarily emitted from burning fossil fuels for transportation and electricity generation, is often used as an indicator of changes in human movement. The pictures above show average concentrations of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide as measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura satellite, as processed by a team at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland. The left image within the slider shows the typical concentration in March of 2015-19, while the proper image within the slider shows the typical concentration measured in March of this year.   Though differences in climate from year to year source differences within the monthly means for individual years, March 2020 shows lowest bottom monthly atmospheric nitrogen dioxide levels of any March during the OMI data evidence, which spans 2005 to the present. In fact, the info indicates that the nitrogen dioxide levels in March 2020 are about 30% lower on the average across the region of the I-95 corridor from Washington, DC to Boston than in comparison to the March mean of 2015-19. Further investigation will be required to thoroughly measure the measure of the adjustment in nitrogen dioxide levels related to changes in emanations versus regular varieties in climate. If processed and interpreted carefully, nitrogen dioxide levels observed from space function an efficient proxy for nitrogen dioxide levels at surface, though there’ll likely be differences within the measurements from space and people made at ground level. It’s also important to notice that satellites that measure nitrogen dioxide cannot see through clouds, so all data shown is for days with low cloudiness. Such nuances within the data make long-term records vital in understanding changes like those shown during this image. COVID-19-NASA Satellite Air Pollution- China NASA and European Space Agency (ESA) contamination observing satellites have distinguished critical declines in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) over China. There’s evidence that the change is a minimum of partly associated with the economic slowdown following the outbreak of coronavirus. At the end of 2019, clinical experts in Wuhan, China, were treating many pneumonia cases that had an obscure source. Days later, researchers confirmed the illnesses were caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19). By January 23, 2020, Chinese authorities had shut down transportation going into and out of Wuhan, also as local businesses, so as to scale back the spread of the disease. It was the first of several quarantines set up in the country and around the world. The maps on this page show concentration of nitrogen dioxide, a noxious gas emitted by automobiles, power plants, and industrial facilities. The maps above show NO2 values across China from January 1-20, 2020 (preceding the isolate) and February 10-25 (during the isolate). The information was gathered by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on ESA’s Sentinel-5 satellite. A related sensor, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA’s Aura satellite, has been making comparable estimations. COVID-19-NASA Satellite This is that the first time I ever have seen such a dramatic drop-off over such a good area for a selected event,” said Fei Liu, an air quality researcher at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. Liu recalls seeing a drop by NO2 over several countries during the economic recession that began in 2008, but the decrease was gradual. Scientists also observed a big reduction around Beijing during the 2008 Olympics, but the effect was mostly localized around that city, and pollution levels rose again once the Olympics ended. COVID-19-NASA Satellite

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Coronavirus

Ventilators: Key method in fight against Coronavirus

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  One of the largest experiments challenged by health workers around the world amid the coronavirus pandemic is trying to save lives when the number of patients needing critical care overtakes the available medical infrastructure. Countries with an enormous number of cases are struggling to meet the requirement for supplies and equipment needed to arm those on the front lines against COVID-19, the extremely infectious respiratory disease caused by the virus. Ventilators – mechanical breathing devices – are crucial in the fight to save patients whose lungs are assailed by the virus. According to the World Health Organization, one in six COVID-19 patients becomes extremely ill and can progress breathing struggles. Most coronavirus patients who end up on ventilators go on to die, as per a few little examinations from the U.S., China and Europe. Furthermore, a considerable lot of the patients who keep on living can’t be removed the mechanical breathing machines. In the United States, which has more confirmed cases than any other country in the world, the Society of Critical Care Medicine has projected that 960,000 coronavirus patients may essential to be put on ventilators at one point or another during the pandemic.  But the US has only about 200,000 machines, by the organization’s estimate, approximately half of which are older models that may not be ideal for the most critically ill patients. In addition, many ventilators are already in use, supporting other patients with severe, non-coronavirus ailments.  The United Kingdom’s National Health System is reported to have just 8,175 ventilators. The government imagines up to 30,000 could be needed at the peak of the pandemic. The situation is especially critical in countries with weak healthcare systems. For example, in the West African country of Mali, home to some 19 million people, there are 56 ventilators. The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, meanwhile, said this week that countries in the continent were looking to participate with wealthier countries to secure key supplies, including ventilators if the situation deteriorates. A ventilator machine is a medical machine that supports breathing and is mainly are used in hospitals. Ventilators assist in getting oxygen into the lungs and removing carbon dioxide from the body.     How does ventilator work? In the most serious cases, the coronavirus harms solid tissue in the lungs, making it difficult for them to convey oxygen to the blood. Pneumonia can create, alongside an increasingly serious and possibly fatal condition called intense respiratory pain disorder, which can harm different organs. To prevent this, mechanical ventilators feed oxygen into the lungs of patients with serious respiratory issues through a cylinder embedded down the throat. The ventilator likewise has a humidifier, which adds warmth and moisture to the air to coordinate the patient’s internal heat level. Patients with milder symptoms may be put on non-invasive ventilation, using face masks, nasal masks or mouthpieces which allow pressurized air or mixtures of gases to be pushed into the lungs.  Additionally, hoods with pressurized oxygen pumped in them via a valve are also commonly used. When would a patient go onto a ventilator? Before determining to put a patient onto a ventilator, Story says doctors are looking for signs of “respiratory failure”. “The breathing rate will increase, they’ll look distressed, the CO2 in the blood goes up and they can become numb and confused,” he says. He says while a usual breathing rate is about 15 breaths a minute, if the rate gets to about 28 times a minute, then this is a signal that ventilation may be needed. Before working on a mechanical ventilator, Prof John Wilson, president-elect of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians and a respiratory physician, says there may be other attempts to increase a patient’s oxygen levels. These “non-invasive” methods of ventilation can include masks and oxygen tanks. The story says that with COVID-19, the medical staff was looking to avoid non-invasive methods because patients would still cough and splutter, increasing the risk of the virus being transferred to medical staff.   What is being done to satisfy the need?   Ventilator creators are feeling the squeeze to strongly build creation even as the pandemic has upset the vehicle and supply of urgent parts, for example, hoses, valves, engines, and gadgets – some of which originate from China, the first focal point of the episode. As organizations battle to fulfill the rising need, governments have looked for the assistance of the military, enrolled different makers and even looked to 3D imprinting with expectations of boosting creation. One of the world’s biggest creators of ventilators, Swiss-based Hamilton Medical AG, means to raise creation numbers to around 21,000 ventilators this year, up from 15,000 a year ago, by sending promoting staff on the creation line, among different measures. Italy’s Bologna-based organization, Siare Engineering International Group SRL, has 25 armed force experts gathering machines as it intends to dramatically multiply month to month creation. Then, a group of specialists in Italy has built up an approach to give oxygen to two individuals from one ventilator, along these lines multiplying limit, as per the Italian district of Emilia Romagna’s official for coronavirus.      

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Coronavirus

Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)-Symptoms and Prevention

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What Is the Coronavirus (COVID-19)? A coronavirus is a kind of virus that often happens in animals. Sometimes, it can spread to humans. This is rare. In December 2019, a new coronavirus started spreading. Specialists think people first caught the virus at a fish and live animal marketplace. Now it is spreading from person to person. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO), common coronavirus symptoms can include:     Fever     Cough (usually dry)     Shortness of breath     Feeling tired Other less common symptoms can include:     Stuffy or runny nose     Aches and pains     Sore throat     Headaches     Diarrhea or nausea The CDC believes symptoms may appear two to 14 days after coming in contact with the virus. WHO has declared it a global pandemic (an outbreak of a new virus that spreads easily). How Can I Tell the Variance Between the Coronavirus, the Flu, Cold or Seasonal Allergies? There are some symptoms that are similar between these respiratory illnesses. This chart can help you figure out if you may be feeling symptoms of allergies or a respiratory illness like COVID-19. If you have a fever and a cough, call your doctor. If you have seasonal allergies, there are things you can do to treat at home. These conditions may intensify asthma, so it’s imperative to continue taking your asthma control meds. Data is as yet evolving. We will refresh this diagram as new proof comes out. How Does the Coronavirus Spread? The virus is spread through coughing (or sneezing). The infection will be in droplets that are coughed out into the air. These are overwhelming droplets and they rapidly tumble to the ground/surface underneath.People who are within 1 to 2 meters (3 to 6 feet) of somebody who is sick with the coronavirus might be inside the zone that droplets can reach. If someone who is sick coughs on or nearby your face, you may get infected. This is the reason the CDC suggests that everybody should cough/sneeze into their elbows or tissue and discard it and wash their hands. people who are wiped out ought to likewise wear a cover to help stop the spread of ailment. The coronavirus may likewise live on surfaces that people have coughed on. If you touch a surface with the virus on it and then touch your mouth, nose or eyes, you might get sick.   Who Is at Risk From the Coronavirus? At this period, there is little data about how the novel coronavirus distresses people with asthma. One investigation of 140 cases demonstrated no connection to asthma.1 However, we realize that asthma has worsened with different anxieties of coronavirus. As indicated by the WHO and the CDC, the most elevated hazard bunches include:   People who have traveled in from a country with a Level 3 Travel Notice People caring for someone who is ill with the coronavirus People over age 65 People who are pregnant People with chronic medical conditions such as: High blood pressure Heart disease Diabetes Renal failure Liver disease Immunocompromised people, such as those on cancer treatments People with a body mass index over 40 Asthma (and other lung diseases) people with asthma should play it safe when any kind of respiratory ailment is spreading in their locale. The CDC has released instructions for people at high risk (including people with asthma): Stock up on supplies (a 14 to 30 day supply) Take steps to keep a distance from others (social distancing, about 6 feet) Avoid people who are sick, limit close contact and wash your hands often Avoid crowds as much as possible Avoid non-essential travel Clean and disinfect your home and car regularly, especially items you touch often like doorknobs, light switches, cell phones, car door handles and steering wheels, etc. If there is an outbreak in your local community, the CDC also recommends you stay home as much as possible. Try to find ways to have food and supplies delivered to your home. In the U.S., flu activity is still high. If you get sick, it could be the flu unless you live in a coronavirus outbreak area. If you have symptoms of a cough or fever, call your doctor. There are antiviral treatments available for the flu. How Can I Avoid Getting the Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Infections? The steps you take to avoid the flu and other respiratory infections will also help protect you from the coronavirus:   Wash your hands often with soap and warm water for 20 to 30 seconds, always after coughing or sneezing. If you don’t have access to running water, use an alcohol-based hand cleanser that is at least 60% alcohol.     Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth.     Stay away from people who are sick or have been in contact with someone who is sick.     Don’t share makeup, food, dishes or eating utensils.     Take your daily asthma medicines to keep your asthma under control. Spring pollen is increasing across the U.S. too. Seasonal allergies can affect people with allergic asthma. If pollen allergies trigger asthma symptoms for you, be sure to follow your allergy treatment plan to keep your allergies under control to prevent asthma episodes or attacks. The most important way you can protect yourself right now is to keep your asthma under control. If your asthma is not under control, call your doctor right away. If you do get sick, call your doctor and follow your Asthma Action Plan. There is no vaccine for the new coronavirus. Get the flu shot if you haven’t already – it’s not too late to protect yourself from the flu. The flu season can last as late as May. Wearing a mask to protect yourself from getting sick is not recommended by the WHO nor the CDC. Only people who are sick or people who are caregivers of people who are sick should wear masks. If you plan to travel, check

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Coronavirus

Coronavirus: US Navy captain appeals for help over outbreak

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  Coronavirus Outbreak: US Navy Ship The captain of a US Navy aircraft carrying warship confronting a developing coronavirus outbreak has requested authorization to isolate the greater part of his approximately 5,000 group individuals on the Pacific Island of Guam, where it is at present docked. Key focuses: The spread of coronavirus on-board is fast-tracking, the captain says The nuclear-powered carrier lacks quarantine and isolation facilities USA Navy officials are trying to find appropriate accommodation on Guam The move would remove the USS Theodore Roosevelt from obligation with an end goal to spare lives, yet it might be hard for the island of only 164,000 individuals to suit the group.Guam has just 250 staffed emergency clinic beds, and at present has more COVID-19 cases than some other nation or region in the Pacific district, barring Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii. In a four-page memo to Navy leaders, the captain of the nuclear-powered warship said the spread of the disease was continuous and rushing and said that evacuating everything except 10 percent of the team is a “necessary risk” so as to stop the spread of the virus. Captain Brett Crozier wrote that the carrier needed enough isolate and isolation facilities and cautioned and warned the present approach would slow but fail to eliminate the virus. “We are not at war. Sailors do not need to die,” he said. “On the off chance that we don’t act now, we are neglecting to appropriately deal with our most confided in resource — our mariners.”Acting USA Navy Secretary Thomas Modly said he had found out about the letter, and that the Navy has been working for a few days to get the mariners off the ship in Guam. Mr Modly said Guam needed more beds, and the Navy was in talks with the local government to use hotels and set up tents.[su_quote] “We don’t disagree with [the commanding officer] on that ship, and we’re doing it in a very methodical way because it’s not the same as a cruise ship,” he told CNN. “That USA navy ship has deadly implements on it, it has an airplane on it.” A US Navy official, who addressed the Associated Press on the state of obscurity to examine inward considerations, said Captain Crozier wants more isolated housing for the crew and that Navy leadership is reviewing options to ensure the health and safety of the crew. The carrier, like other Navy ships, is exposed to infectious disease spread given its close quarters — the massive ship is more than 300 meters long, with sailors spread out across a labyrinth of decks, connected by steep ladder-like stairs and narrow corridors. Each US Navy ship has a 1,000-bed limit and is kept an eye on by military medical staff, requiring about up to seven days to activate those workforces from over the deployment-ready and hold powers.  Pentagon authorities have focused on that a large number of the save medical workforce that would be called up to staff mobile hospitals or Mercy and Comfort would be somewhat pulled from civilian medical facilities. Recruited sailors and officers have isolated living quarters, but they habitually grab their food from crowded buffet lines and eat at tables joined end-to-end. A carrier attendance is central to the US Navy’s operations in the Asia Pacific region amid ongoing tensions with China, over issues including its militarization of disputed areas of the South China Sea.

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Health

Ginseng: Health benefits, facts, and research

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Ginseng Ginseng is the greatest well-known Chinese herb. It is the most widely familiar plant used in conventional medicine. Several methods of ginseng have been used in medicine for more than 7000 years. Several genera grow around the world, and though some are desired for specific benefits, all are reflected to have similar properties as an effective general rejuvenator.   Ginseng is a slow-developing enduring herb (comes to around 2 feet tall) native to the uneven region of northeastern China, Korea . The older the root, the superior the concentration of ginsenosides, the dynamic chemical compounds, thus the more potent the ginseng becomes. Ginseng roots can live longer than many years. Ginseng has been developed broadly in China, Korea, and Japan. Ginseng begins blooming in the fourth year, and the roots take 4-6 years to arrive at development. Ginseng is an ensured herb in China  Regular white ginseng is frequently steam-handled to deliver “red ginseng” with various, higher therapeutic strength. It is utilized to decrease the impacts of pressure, improve execution, boost energy levels, upgrade memory, stimulate the immune system. Oriental medicine has considered ginseng an essential element in all their best prescriptions, and regards it as prevention and a cure. It is said to remove both mental and bodily fatigue, cure respiratory complaints, dissolve tumors and decrease the effects of age.         Ginseng is local to China,North Korea, Japan, and a few regions of North America. It was first cultivated in the United States in the late 1800s. It is hard to grow and takes 4-6 years to get to develop mature enough to harvest. The roots are called Jin-Chen, signifying ‘like a man,’ in reference to their likeness to the state of the human body. Native North Americans reflected it one of their most blessed herbs and add it to many herbal formulas to make them more powerful. The roots can live for over 100 years.   Ginseng contains nutrients A, B-6, and the mineral Zinc, which helps in the creation of thymic hormones, essential for the performing of the defense system. The fundamental dynamic elements of ginseng are the in excess of 25 saponin triterpenoid glycosides called “ginsenosides”.These steroid-like fixings give the adaptogenic properties that empower ginseng to adjust and counter the impacts of pressure.   The glycosides seem to act on the adrenal glands, helping to prevent adrenal hypertrophy and excess corticosteroid production in response to physical, chemical or biological stress. Studies done in China indicated that ginsenosides likewise increment protein blend and the activity of neurotransmitters in the brain. Ginseng is utilized to reestablish memory and improve strength and cognitive abilities, which might be impaired by the improper blood supply to the brain.   Ginseng helps to maintain outstanding body utilities. Siberian ginseng has been shown to increase energy, stamina, and help the body resist viral infections and ecological toxins. Research has shown specific effects that support the central nervous system, liver function, lung function, and circulatory system. Creature analyses have shown that ginseng extracts stimulate the production of interferons, increase natural killer cell activity, lower cholesterol and decrease triglyceride levels. Men have used the herb to improve sexual purpose and remedy incapability. Ginseng is believed to expand estrogen levels in women and is used to treat menopausal symptoms. It is likewise utilized for diabetes, radiation and chemotherapy insurance, colds, chest issues, to help in rest, and to animate the hunger. It is also used for diabetes, radiation and chemotherapy protection, colds, chest problems, to aid in sleep, and to stimulate the appetite. Korean Red Ginseng is likewise known by the names Asian Ginseng, Asiatic Ginger, and Chinese Ginseng. Korean Red Ginseng is a deciduous perpetual bush whose plump root requires 4-6 years of cultivation to reach maturity Korean Red Ginseng is presently utilized as a characteristic preventive, therapeutic cure and esteemed for its adaptogenic properties. Korean Red Ginseng is viewed as generally appropriate for guys and suitable for males and for older people. Utilized for a considerable length of time in China, Korean Red Ginseng was accepted to be and against the maturing herb. By equalizing the system levels in the body, Korean Red Ginseng has been used to lower cholesterol, balance the metabolism, increase energy levels, and stimulate the immune system.   Korean White Ginseng is an adaptogen having yang properties and a stirring and invigorating metabolic impact on the focal sensory system, mind, head, and veins. It might profit glucose levels, histamine levels, irritation, feelings of anxiety, mental and physical capacities, impotency, frailty, corridor solidifying, gloom, diabetes, ulcers, edema, insusceptible and lung work, craving, drive and may offer insurance against radiation introduction and easement of cocaine withdrawal.   North American White Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) is accepted to give a cooling impact to the body. This cooling, vitality giving, perseverance upgrading factor is accepted to be the most gainful for our quick-paced, upsetting world.   Siberian ginseng is a distinct plant with various chemical components. Prized for its capacity to reestablish force, increment life span, upgrade generally speaking wellbeing, and invigorate both a sound hunger and a decent memory, it is broadly utilized in Russia to enable the body to adjust to unpleasant conditions and to improve profitability.   Advantages   ï decrease the impacts of pressure   ï support vitality levels   ï helps with mental and body weakness  

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Coronavirus

Latest Coronavirus outbreak

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Coronavirus   The worldwide loss of life has passed 30,000, with affirmed cases at 660,706. The quantity of affirmed instances of coronavirus around the globe has arrived at 660,706., with 30,000 passings, as indicated by Johns Hopkins University. Up until now, 137,270 individuals are affirmed to have recuperated. Be that as it may, the genuine number of contaminations is probably going to be a lot higher, the same number of those with indications not have been tried for the infection. More fatal than Influenza, COVID-19 is a coronavirus – some portion of a huge group of infections that incorporate the basic virus just as progressively serious ailments, for example, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and extreme intense respiratory disorder (SARS). Coronaviruses seem as though a ball encompassed by a crown. Northern Ireland has reported a rush of new prohibitive estimates which came into force an hour back, remembering a boycott for social occasions and venturing out from home without a sensible reason. Panama’s legislature has said it will permit the Zaandam voyage boat to go through the Panama Canal, after travelers stalled out ready when specialists would not give get to. The journey transport has 130 people with flu-like symptoms, and four have passed on. At any rate, two of those with indications are affirmed to have coronavirus. Italy’s death toll is now the highest in the world at 10,023. Fatalities passed the grim milestone on Saturday, with an expansion of 889 since the keep going figures were discharged on Friday, as indicated by Italy’s Civil Protection Agency. With 92,472 confirmed cases, Italy seems to have the most death rate on the planet. Compare it to China, the focal point of the pandemic, which has a generally comparative number of confirmed cases at 81,997, but under a third as many deaths, at 3,299,, according to Johns Hopkins University and Medicine. In reality, Italy currently has the second-most noteworthy number of confirmed cases on the planet after the United States, which remains at 105,470. But the US has a fraction of the deaths, at just over 1,700. As Italy enters its sixth week of restrictions, many are asking: why does its death rate seem so much higher than in other countries? Specialists state it’s down to a mix of variables, similar to the nation’s huge elderly population which is progressively vulnerable to the infection, and the strategy for testing that is not giving the full picture about infections. Spain has declared further limitations on development to stem the progression of the infection, with all non-essential workers being told to stay home. The coronavirus loss of life in France has passed the troubling achievement of 2,000 passings, with in excess of 38,000 cases. Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliff, the British-Iranian guide specialist who has been confined in Iran on spying charges has had her jail leave expanded and her case set forward for pardon, her better half said. Cases in the US have passed 121,478. Trump warns of US quarantine! The US president, Donald Trump, has warned that it might be important to uphold a transient isolate of around about fourteen days in states including New York. Be that as it may, the state’s representative, Andrew Cuomo, said that he not been recounted any designs to present an isolate, including: “I haven’t had those discussions, I don’t have a clue what that implies.” He likewise reported that he was delaying the state’s 28 April presidential essential to 23 June. A letter from UK PM Boris Johnson will be sent to every household in Britain, warning them that the worst of the virus is yet to come. More than half a million people in Britain signed up to help the National Health To support adapt to the coronavirus pestilence in only 24 hours, following a government call for volunteers Wednesday, as fears develop that the nation’s flare-up is following a comparative direction as that of Italy and Spain, where thousands of people have died. Over the world, people are stepping forward to help the most vulnerable, offering trust that social orders can conquer the immense disturbance brought about by the infection.  

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